knew that from his own conversion, where we are told: “The men who were traveling with him stood speechless, hearing the voice but seeing no one. Saul rose from the ground, and although his eyes were opened, he saw nothing” (Acts 9:7–8). A persistent tradition in Christian thought says that the angels and the saints in heaven enjoy “the beatific vision of God.” This tradition is based on Bible verses like Isaiah 6:1 and 2 Corinthians 12:1, which speak of “seeing God,” but what that vision consists